Coastlines estimation and erosion rate assessment in Tuba Island, Langkawi using remotely-sensed digital imageries analysis

Abstract Malaysia’s coastline is constantly exposed to ocean threats, resulting in coastal erosion and sea-level rise. Pulau Tuba’s a part of Langkawi which known as popular tourist destination Malaysia. This study focuses on using remote sensing Geographical Information System (GIS) tools examine changes along the Tuba, Langkawi, during six-year period. In this research, were analyzed Sentinel-2 imagery from 2016 2021, result comparison extraction methods. Coastline methods used include 3x3-5x5 7x7 edge detection filtering techniques. Image classifier Maximum Likelihood (ML) Support Vector Machine (SVM) also quantify estimated coastlines length. Digital Shoreline Analysis (DSAS) was calculate rate images. The between method extract revealed that best window size image SVM outperform MLC classifier. DSAS statistical calculation highlighted come parts Tuba experiencing alarming erosion. authority needs plan for soft hard structure mitigate impact future.